Role of Diving Mask
Provide a clear field of vision: In an underwater environment, a diving mask provides a dry, clear field of vision for the diver to observe the surrounding marine life, underwater landscapes, and so on. In general, a good mask provides a wide-angle view of at least 180°, allowing the diver to better perceive the underwater space.
Prevent water from entering the respiratory tract: The mask separates the diver's mouth and nose from the water, and together with the snorkel or air supply device, allows the diver to breathe normally underwater, avoiding the water entering the mouth and nasal cavity leading to choking, suffocation and other dangerous situations.
Warming effect: in colder waters, the mask can reduce the loss of facial heat, play a certain role in keeping the face warm, reduce the low temperature on the facial nerves and skin stimulation, improve the comfort of diving.
Protect the face from injury: the underwater environment is complex, there may be rocks, corals, underwater creatures, etc. on the face of the diver caused by scratches, impacts and other injuries. Diving mask can protect the face and reduce the risk of injury.
Enhance the safety of diving: with good sealing and stability, to ensure that divers in a variety of underwater postures and sports conditions, the mask will not easily loosen, fall off or into the water, to protect the safety of diving activities. At the same time, some masks are also equipped with emergency breathing valve and other safety devices to deal with unexpected situations.
Production process of diving mask
Mould making: CNC machine tools are used for precision machining of the molds, and the material of the molds is made of alloy steel with high hardness and high thermal stability, and undergoes a heat treatment process to improve the abrasion and corrosion resistance of the molds, so as to ensure the precision and life of the molds and to provide a precise basis for the molding of the subsequent parts.
Parts molding:
Mask body: injection molding is a commonly used process, where special engineering plastics are heated to a high-temperature molten state, injected into the mold, and then cooled and shaped to obtain the mask body. The injection molding process requires strict control of temperature, pressure and speed to ensure that the material is uniform, no bubbles, no defects, and the dimensional accuracy meets the requirements.
Lens processing: According to the design requirements, choose the appropriate optical materials to make lenses, such as polycarbonate, borosilicate glass and so on. For lenses requiring anti-fog treatment, an anti-fog film layer can be formed on the inner surface by vacuum coating method or sol-gel method to prevent water vapor generated by underwater breathing from condensing into fog and affecting the field of vision.
Sealing parts: Silicone and other soft materials are pressed and molded in precision molds to make the sealing rings and cushions of the mask to ensure good sealing performance and adapt to different face shapes. Quality inspection is required after molding to check whether there are cracks, bubbles, size deviation and other defects.
Other parts: metal or plastic parts such as breathing tube connectors, headband buckles, etc., are manufactured by precision machining to ensure precise dimensions and clean surfaces, so as to ensure that they can be used normally after assembly and will not cause harm to the human body.
Assembly: The molded parts are assembled according to the design requirements. During the assembly process, precision instruments should be used for debugging to ensure the matching precision and sealing performance between the parts. For example, to ensure that the breathing tube and the mask body connected tightly, the valve action is flexible, the headband elasticity adjustment device can work properly. After the assembly is completed, carry out the preliminary function test to check whether there is any air leakage, water leakage and other phenomena.
Test and inspection:
Pressure test: simulate different water pressure environments during diving, pressurize the diving mask, check the sealing performance and structural stability of the mask, and ensure that there will be no deformation, rupture or air leakage within the specified depth range.
Durability test: Simulate the wear and aging of the diving mask during long-term use by repeated mechanical operations such as compression, stretching and twisting to assess its service life and reliability.
Anti-fog performance test: Under certain temperature and humidity conditions, the mask lens is tested and its fogging is observed over a period of time to verify the effectiveness and durability of the anti-fog film layer.
Optical performance test: professional optical instruments are used to test the optical indicators such as transmittance, refractive index and haze of the lenses to ensure that the lenses are able to provide clear and realistic visual effects to meet the observation needs of divers underwater.
Comfort Test: Volunteers are invited to wear the diving mask for a long period of simulated diving tests to collect their feedback on the comfort of wearing the mask, including the fit of the mask to the face, breathing resistance, pressure distribution of the headband, etc., so that the design can be optimized.
Material of diving mask
Lens material:
Polycarbonate (PC): It is characterized by light weight, high strength, good light transmission and strong impact resistance, which can effectively resist underwater pressure and accidental collision, and at the same time filter ultraviolet rays to protect the eyes of divers. Its light transmittance can reach 88% - 92%, visible light transmittance is above 85%, UV transmittance is low.
Borosilicate glass: hard texture, excellent optical properties, high light transmission, can provide a clear vision, and is not easy to scratch and deformation, can maintain a good visual effect for a long time. However, its weight is large, relatively fragile, easy to break when subjected to strong impact.
Acrylic (PMMA): that is, Plexiglas, with good light transmission and UV resistance, lighter in weight than glass, and a certain degree of flexibility, not easy to break. However, its surface hardness is low, easy to be scratched, and needs special treatment to improve its wear resistance.
Mask body material:
Silicone: is a common diving mask body material with good biocompatibility, no irritation to human skin and comfortable to wear. It also has excellent flexibility and elasticity, can better fit different face shapes, and good weather resistance, not easy to aging.
Special engineering plastics: such as polycarbonate alloys, these materials combine the high toughness of polycarbonate and good molding properties, with high strength and stiffness, can improve the overall structural stability of the mask, while also maintaining a relatively light weight, so that divers in the underwater activities more relaxed and free.
Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE): combining the characteristics of plastic and rubber, with good elasticity and flexibility, can provide comfortable wearing experience, and can be efficiently manufactured through injection molding and other processes to produce a variety of shapes of the mask body parts.
Sealing material:
Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM): with excellent weather resistance, heat resistance and ozone resistance, it can maintain good sealing performance for a long time in different underwater environments, effectively preventing water from seeping in from the edge of the mask. With its high tensile strength and elongation, it can adapt to the slight deformation between the mask and different face shapes to ensure the reliability of the seal.
Neoprene Rubber (CR): It has good elasticity and adhesion, fits tightly with the skin and has good sealing effect. At the same time, it also has a certain degree of oil resistance and solvent resistance, and can resist the effect of certain chemicals in seawater on the sealing performance.
Technical requirements for the production of diving masks
Design Requirements:
Structural stability: the structure of the diving mask must be designed to be stable enough to maintain its shape and function under various pressure conditions underwater. All parts of the mask should be tightly connected to ensure that the mask will not be deformed or loosened when the diver performs various movements and changes in posture, to ensure the safety of use.
Visual field requirements: The mask must provide sufficient visual field to ensure that the diver can clearly see the surrounding environment underwater. Generally speaking, the mask's lens should try to use a large field of view design, reduce the frame of the shade, and the optical performance of the lens should be good, to provide clear, distortion-free visual effects.
Breathing resistance requirements: Masks should be designed to minimize breathing resistance and allow divers to breathe more smoothly underwater. The diameter, length and shape of the breathing tube should be reasonably designed to reduce the resistance to airflow when breathing, and the breathing space inside the mask should be large enough to avoid breathing difficulties caused by poor gas flow.
Adaptability requirements: The mask must be able to adapt to divers with different face shapes to ensure comfort and sealing when wearing. The length and elasticity of the headband should be adjustable to meet the needs of different head circumferences and facial contours, while the shape of the mask should be as ergonomic as possible, fitting naturally with the face.
Material Requirements:
SAFETY: The materials used in the manufacture of diving masks must be safe and not have harmful effects on the human body. All parts in contact with the skin, such as the mask body, seals, headband, etc., should be made of non-toxic, non-irritating materials and undergo strict quality testing to ensure compliance with relevant safety standards.
Water Resistance: Since the diving mask is underwater for a long period of time, the material needs to have good water resistance and will not be deformed, swollen, foamed or degraded due to prolonged immersion in water. For example, some plastic materials may gradually absorb water in water, resulting in poor mechanical properties and dimensional stability, so it is necessary to choose materials with low water absorption rate to manufacture mask components.
Corrosion resistance: seawater is highly corrosive, so the materials of diving mask need to be able to resist the corrosion of seawater, including metal parts and non-metal parts. Metal parts should be selected from stainless steel, titanium alloy and other materials with strong corrosion resistance, and appropriate surface treatment, such as nickel-plated, chrome-plated, etc., in order to improve its corrosion resistance; non-metallic parts should be made of engineering plastics, rubber and other materials with good corrosion resistance.
Quality control requirements:
Appearance quality: the appearance of the diving mask should be smooth and neat, without obvious scratches, cracks, bubbles, burrs and other defects. The surface of the lens should be smooth and transparent, without scratches, fog spots, impurities and other defects affecting the visual effect; the color of the mask body should be uniform and consistent, without color difference and fading phenomenon; the joints of the components should be tight and flat, without loosening, gaps and misalignment.
Dimensional accuracy: In order to ensure the sealing performance and adaptability of the diving mask, the dimensions of its various components must meet the design requirements and have a high degree of precision. For example, the shape and size of the lenses should be precisely matched with the mounting position of the mask body, and the length and width of the head strap should be within the specified tolerance range to ensure that it can provide the right pressure and fit when worn.
Performance indicators: The performance indicators of the diving mask should comply with the relevant standards and design requirements, such as sealing, breathing resistance, anti-fog performance, optical performance and so on. Before leaving the factory, it is necessary to sample and test each batch of products to conduct a comprehensive test of these performance indicators to ensure that the quality and safety of the product meets the standards.
Quality stability: A strict quality management system should be established during the production process to ensure that the quality of each diving mask is stable and consistent. Through strict inspection of raw materials, precise control of the production process, regular maintenance of production equipment and effective management of the production environment and other measures, we can reduce the fluctuation of product quality and improve the overall quality level of the products.
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